The 448th CIES Football Observatory Weekly Post presents the 50 clubs in the world with the most positive and negative transfer balances for non-academy players signed and transferred between 2014 and 2023. The figures range from a positive balance* of €386 million for LOSC Lille (Pépé, Osimhen, Botman, etc.) to a negative balance of €631 million for Barcelona (Coutinho, Dembélé, Griezmann, etc.).

With +€317 million in capital gains, Ajax (de Jong, Antony, Lisandro Martínez, etc.) are in second place. RB Salzburg (Naby Keita, Mwepu, Haaland, etc.) complete the podium, just ahead of AS Monaco (Tchouaméni, Lemar, Bernardo Silva, etc.). The top 10 of clubs having generated the most profits from player trading during the last decade also includes two German (RB Leipzig and Eintracht Frankfurt), two Italian (Sassuolo and Atalanta) and two Portuguese teams (Benfica and Sporting CP).

At the other end of the scale, Barcelona (-€631 million) are ahead of Chelsea (-€482m with the three biggest losses for Jorginho, Pulišić and Rüdiger) and Arsenal (-€436m; Pépé, Aubameyang, Lacazette). Paris St-Germain has the fourth most negative balance (Neymar, Di María, Icardi, etc.), ahead of Manchester United (Matić, Fred, Mata, etc.). Manchester City (-€59m) and Bayern Munich (-€61m) have the best balances among the most competitive teams.

* Add-ons included irrespective of actual receipt or payment, not including agent commissions. / ** Top 100 of youth academy players’ transfer incomes by club available here.